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THE 

Colonial poofe 

of The 
TowLE Mfg. Company 

(I 

SILFERSMITHS 

Which is intended to Delineate and 
Describe some ^aint and Historic 
Places in Newburyport and Vicinity 
and show the Origin and Beauty of 
the Colonial Pattern of Silverware 




THE FIFTH EDITION 



' LIBHARY ul C<JNijr.E=icj| 
I wo Coiiies ileceiT* 

JUN 10 IdUB 






r^ 



r 




Compiled and arranged by 

George P. Tilton of the 

Towle Manufacturing Company 

from 
Ould Newhury : Historical and Biograph- 
ical Sketches 
History of Newbury, Massachusetts 
History of Newburyport, Massachusetts 
three recent and exhaustive volumes by 
John J. Currier 

The History and Present State of the 
Town of Newburyport 
by Caleb Cushing, 1826 

A Short Sketch of the History of Newbury, 
Newburyport, and West Nezvbury 
by Joshua Coffin, A.B.,S.H.S., i 845 

History of Newburyport 
by Mrs. E. Vale Smith, 1854 

Brief Biographical Sketches 
by Robert Noxon Toppan, 1885, and 



\ 



various Jocal sources 



/ 




Copyright, igoS, by TotvU Manufacturing Company 



Press of Springfield Printing and Binding Company, Springfield, Mass. 




NEWBURYPORT 



** I ""HE history of Newburyport is variously written, and its public affairs 
^ amply recorded; but this mass of material, precious as it is, only suggests 
the wealth of romance centering about the old town, locked up in journals and 
log-books, or fading away in the memories of a few relicts of earlier and more 
picturesque times. The ideals of to-day, here as everywhere else, are properly 
business and progress on the lines of modern opportunities; and this is the 
same spirit of enterprise which led our progenitors of seventy-five or one 
hundred years ago to their undertakings by sea and land, and brought them 
riches and renown in such generous measure. That they are interesting and 
picturesque is merely incidental; their purpose was as matter-of-fact and practi- 
cal as any to-day, and as well attained ; but time and changed customs lend 
charm to their personalities, while many of their deeds are records of bravery 
and greatness that would be memorable under any conditions. 

The Puritan exodus of the early seventeenth century brought from Eng- 
land the colonists who founded the town of Newbury, from which Newbury- 
port was later set off. Persecuted at home for their unwillingness to conform 
to the ritual of the established church, they chose to cross the ocean in the 
small vessels and with the scant knowledge of that day and endure the dangers 
and privations of a wilderness that they might have freedom to worship God 
in a simpler way than that prescribed for the Church of England. 

In the spring of 1635 ^^^ nucleus of the band, which had reached Boston 
the previous summer and had gone forward to Ipswich, was joined by later 
arrivals and together they made their way by water to the north bank of a 
pleasant stream which the Indians called Quascacunquen because of a waterfall 
a few miles inland. The outlet of this river, which the settlers renamed the 
Parker in honor of the Reverend Thomas Parker their spiritual leader, is 
protected from the severities of the ocean by the marshes and sand dunes of 
Plum Island, and near it the voyagers landed to take possession of their grant. 
With few materials but those of the surrounding forest — harboring wild beasts 
and hostile Indians — they applied themselves to building habitations against 



^fet Colonial l$ook of 













^Olum Ssilanb iHargfjeiS tiiitij ^anti ©uneS in tfje tiigtancc. ^fjisi i^lanb is 
about nine mileg long anb liesf between tfje iHcrrimac anb Spgtuicf) l^ibcrg 

the bleak New England winter, and to the cultivation of crops indispensable to 
their sustenance. In this community were graduates of Oxford University and 
men of means who ably directed its affairs, chief of which was the systematic 
parceling of the land according to the requirements of each and his ability to 
develop it, and it is noteworthy that in many cases the descendants of these 
pioneers still occupy their allotments, which are among the most prosperous 
farms of the region. Cattle were imported from Holland for stock, raising on 
a large scale and thriving "plantations" as they were then termed, were soon 
established which were incorporated under the name of Newbury, from New- 
bury in Berkshire, England, where the Reverend Thomas Parker had lived, 
and duly represented at the General Court held at Boston to administer 
the affairs of Massachusetts Bay. That they labored wisely and well is evident; 
but the story of their trials and achievements is a reproach to the cynic 
of to-day, who reaps with little labor the benefits for which they struggled 
and hoped, but of which, for the most part, they had little realization. 

The growth of the town was to the northward, and soon from the shelter 
of the "Oldtown" hills the settlement stretched along the bank of the Merrimac, 
and, embracing eagerly the opportunities it offered, encouraged maritime enter- 
prises in every way, until with the building of wharves and the establishment 
of ship-yards began the era which was to give Newburyport its real power and 
position. The small vessels for fishing became numerous, and were followed 
by larger and more pretentious craft, which carried to foreign ports the products 
of the country, and brought back the rich goods and outfittings needed in the 
rapidly growing community, or distributed through surrounding and inland 
towns. Through this commerce came wealth and culture, which were reflected 
in the magnificent living of the rich merchants, while the numerous ship-masters 
returned from foreign lands with minds broadened and stimulated by contact 
with other peoples and with tastes that greatly modified the old Puritan customs. 

The differing interests of the "waterside" as the later settlement was at 
first called, and the farming districts of "Old Newbury" which enclosed it, gave 
rise to a reasonable desire on the part of the merchants and artizans of the 
former to establish a separate government more completely suited to their sec- 



Ij^^lttibttr^l^ort ^ Fttinitg 







0Mo\i}n ^iU anlr Pribge ober tfje ^arfee 3^iber near 
rt)e lanbing place of tfje first settlers of i^etoburp 

tional requirements, and as a result of consequent measures the town of New- 
buryport was set off and incorporated in 1 764. At the time of its incorporation 
the town of Newburyport was rapidly expanding its commerce and manufact- 
uring industries, and its people were keenly alive to all questions and matters 
pertaining to the country in general. As a part of Newbury it had furnished 
troops for the Indian and Colonial wars, and soon after its separation it was 
aroused by the disturbances which led to the Revolution, its interests being 
especially affected by the requirements of the Stamp Act which it was among 
the first to resent by public demonstrations. With the outbreak of the war 
patriotism was universal and the cause was heartily supported from the first 
Lexington alarm. Many troops were furnished in which were officers who 
gained high rank in the Continental army and whose deeds of valor are 
national history. 

The naval forces were greatly strengthened by ships built here, and from 
here also numerous privateers sailed with letters of marque and returned with 
rich prizes to be in turn fitted out on the same errands. Many are the thrilling 
tales of capture, imprisonment, and escape told by the returning heroes, and it 
is small wonder that with the prospect of booty and adventure active young 
men took naturally to the sea. 

Commercial activity suffered a severe blow in the embargo placed on for- 
eign trade by the government in 1807, and while it lasted shipping was at a 
complete standstill. A few years later, in 181 1, came a second misfortune, in 
the form of the great fire which in one night destroyed sixteen acres of the bus- 
iness district, including nearly all the public buildings and institutions. Though 
in a measure soon recovered from, these calamities seriously checked the 
advancing prosperity, and though there were yet large importing interests they 
failed to reach their former importance, and have now, with changed methods 
of transportation, almost entirely disappeared. In their place have come mills 
and factories with their attendant needs and influences, bringing a larger if 
not a wealthier population, and it is by these that the city must continue to thrive. 

The manufacture of silverware is one of these factors, which, having its 
beginning, as shown by authentic record, in the modest enterprise of William 



isrfte Colonial l^oofe of 




^pcncer=|3ierce or "<?^arris;on ||ous;e/' TLittit'i Hane, i^etotiurp, built 1670 

Moulton in 1689, has steadily developed until it is now one of the most impor- 
tant industries, and it is especially fitting that a Colonial pattern of spoons and 
like tableware be produced where one of the first silversmiths of the country 
worked, and established a business which has been continued without interrup- 
tion to the present day. 

During this eventful history many men have arisen here to be enrolled 
among the world's acknowledged benefactors, and movements of local incep- 
tion have attained national and world wide importance. 

The growing interest in such matters fostered by historical societies, 
improvement societies, and the various organizations of descendants of Revo- 
lutionary patriots, is a marked sign of the times, and to such it is hoped these 
pages will appeal. To those who visit Newburyport, they will serve as an 
introduction ; and others, though far away, may realize some of the beauties 
and attractions of this old New England city. 



THE EARLY WARS. 

T N the foregoing sketch we have briefly touched upon the part of Old 
-*- Newbury, and later, Newburyport, in our country's early wars. Their 
record in the establishment and defence of our National government can be but 
outlined here, yet however incomplete this account, it seems fit at a time of 
such Vv'ide awakening to the glory of our past, when individuals recall with 
justifiable pride the services of patriotic ancestors, that the notable accomplish- 
ments, and not less glorious though ineffectual efforts of a community, be 
indicated for the many to whom the full history is not available. 

In the early expeditions against hostile Indians, Newbury took an impor- 
tant part, from the Pequod war, two years after the first settlement, in which the 
town furnished one-fifteenth of the Massachusetts quota; the King Philip war, 
in which more than one-half its eligible inhabitants were enlisted; the French 
and Indian war, when a part of its expedition against Cape Breton was cast 



T!<re^tttr^j>ott $c Ficinit^ 




Cursion's; iHiU on t!)e ^rticfjofee Briber, an earlp insJtitution 

away and lost; to the war with the Norridgewocks, which was terminated by 
the kilHng of Sebastian Ralle, their French leader, by Lieut. Jaques. 

During the frequent wars between France and England, while this country 
was still a province, many men went from here, to fight in England's cause on the 
Canadian frontier. Chief among those were Col. Moses Titcomb, Capt. William 
Davenport, and Nathaniel Knapp. The former, serving in many campaigns 
under Sir William Pepperell, took part in the capture of Louisburg and the 
battle of Crown Point, where he was shot while directing his regiment in most 
effective operations. Capt. Davenport raised companies and served in two 
campaigns, being with Gen. Wolfe on the plains of Abraham, and a few days 
later at the surrender of Quebec. 

It was reserved, however, for the thrilling issues of the war of independence 
to call forth the universal and unwavering patriotism of the residents of Old 
Newbury. The story of pre-revolutionary agitation in Newburyport is one of 
steadily threatening protest, from the first application of the Stamp Act. As early 
as 1765 a stamp distributor was hung in effigy, while visiting strangers were 
subjected to rough handling, if they were not quick to proclaim their antipathy 
to this measure. Such treatment was perforce exercised upon strangers, if at 
all, as in this town only four persons were suspected of loyalism and of these 
there was proof against but one, who died before the call to war which would 
have revealed his position. This was a record perhaps unequalled. 

From that time to the actual outbreak of hostilities, Newburyport was in 
a ferment of restrained rebellion; this unity of opinion and harmony of action 
would have been impossible in a lesser cause, and was the more remarkable when 
we consider that such action meant the sacrifice of a large part of the town's 
greatest interest, her commerce and its dependent shipbuilding, and that the 
rejection of British goods meant the retirement of the many vessels in that trade. 

This was the actual result; but instead of turning the people from their 
elected course it added to their determination, and they organized to prevent 
possible smuggling of the detested commodities. Under the wise and temperate 



8 ^fte Colonial l^ook of 




iBombgfjcU brought trom Houisburs tip i^atf)aniel ^napp, in 1758 

leadership of the Committee of Safety, they corresponded with neighboring towns 
and the remoter colonies, and when the first blow was struck at Lexington it 
found them ready and impatient for the great struggle for civil liberty. 

It was eleven o'clock at night on the nineteenth of April, 1775, when the 
courier bearing news of the fight at Lexington reached this town; but not a 
moment was lost, and before midnight the first detachment of minute-men was 
galloping over the road, while morning found four companies on the way to the 
scene of the conflict. At the termination of this alarm these companies returned, 
but others were soon formed for regular service in the Continental armv, and 
did memorable work at the battle of Bunker Hill, where two cannon from 
Newburyport were lost. 

Space forbids following these troops through this and other battles, but a 
few figures rise pre-eminent, and no account, however slight, would be complete 
without them. 

Col. Moses Little was in command of a regiment in many important battles 
of the Revolution, beginning with Bunker Hill, where he was officer of the day 
when Washington took command. On account of ill health brought on in the 
service, he declined the commission of brigadier general, and the command of 
a special expedition raised by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 

Col. Edward Wigglesworth was appointed to a regiment early in 1776, 
and served with distinction for three years, when he was retired at his own 
request. He took a prominent part in Arnold's expedition on Lake Champlain, 
being third in command, and materially aided the retreat of the flotilla when it 
was hemmed in by the enemy. 

Captain, afterward Major, Ezra Lunt was another who served at Bunker 
Hill, and it is asserted that his company was formed in the broad aisle 



"^C^bJtittr^ljart $c "Fitinitv 9 






Jf^m A.Th'awtnfi Zy Sen. Johmsem. 17 7 i 




I - — - -, , 

I X Hie TownHovtTe |B.lS(Ieri mack River | C.Ropc"Walk|X).'Fro^Pond | £. Salil'bury 



A Korth-eaft Vic-w of the Town V harbour of ISTewburyPort 



^ quaint tjut imposisiitjle bieto of a part of iSetoburpport 

of the Old South church at the close of a sermon, in response to the 
pastor's appeal for volunteers; and that it was the first volunteer company 
of the Continental army. 

Jonathan Titcomb was made brigadier for service in Rhode Island under 
General Sullivan, and the Newburyport Artillery Company, Thomas Thomas, 
captain, also served in that campaign. 

Here formed and embarked the important expedition under Benedict 
Arnold, then a valued officer in the patriot army, which, penetrating with great 
difficulty to Quebec, assisted Montgomery in his gallant assault. 

As it was with maritime affairs that Newburyport was chiefly identified, it 
is to the sea that we must look for her most brilliant and individual victories. 
Congress soon realized that our shipping was being rapidly exterminated by 
the armed vessels of the enemy, and issued letters of marque to assist the 
feeble and barely established navy in retaliating for these encroachments; ship 
owners here were quick to accept these privileges, and many privateers were 
fitted out and manned, often by the flower of the town's youth; one of these, 
the Yankee Hero, the second of that name, sailing in 1775 under Capt. James 
Tracy, with twenty guns and a crew of one hundred and seventy men, including 
fifty from Newburyport's first families, was never afterward heard from. The 
spirit that animated these bold mariners may be judged from the announcement 
made on the occasion of prayers in church for the success of the "Game Cock," 
the first privateer to sail out of any port, that she hoped to "scour the coast of our 
unnatural enemies," though she was a sloop of but twenty-four tons. She sailed 
from Newburyport in August, 1775, and brought several prizes into port. 

It would be difficult to estimate the number of these privateers, but that 
they were numerous and successful will be understood when it is stated that 



lo ^tt Colonial l$oolt of 




^ ^ineteentf) Centurp bieto of J^ctuburpport 

twenty-four ships of which Mr. Nathaniel Tracy was principal owner, with a 
tonnage of 6,330 and carrying 2,800 men, captured from the enemy one hundred 
and twenty vessels amounting to 23,360 tons, and which with their cargoes were 
sold for three million nine hundred and fifty thousand specie dollars. Mr. Tracy 
was also principal owner in one hundred and ten other vessels, twenty-three of 
which were letters of marque. These vessels were closely allied to the regular 
navy, which was now gaining strength, and we find the same men alternating 
between the command of privateers and government vessels, as the fortunes of 
war permitted. 

In August, 1775, the schooner Diligent and the sloop Machias Liberty 
were armed and equipped here and employed by the General Court to protect 
the Massachusetts coast until more efficient warships could be obtained. 

The frigates Boston, Hancock, and Protection, and the brig Pickering, were 
built here, as well as the sloop of war Merrimac which was built by subscription 
and tendered to the government, when its funds were reduced, to be paid for at 
a very low price when convenient. She was commanded by Capt. Moses Brown 
of this port, a remarkably gallant sailor, and during the five years that she was 
in commission made many important captures. 

The warships Warren and Alliance — named in honor of the memorable 
treaty with France and first employed to convey Lafayette to his native 
country — were also built on the Merrimac, just above Newburyport, and 
were fitted out at this place. 

The name of Paul Jones, the intrepid and irresistible "Citizen of the 
World," as he later styled himself, whose brilliant prowess was developed in 
the service of the United States, is connected with Newburyport through two 
of his ablest lieutenants, Henry and Cutting Lunt. 

The messieurs Lunt, cousins, first shipped in the brig Dalton, Captain 
Eleazer Johnson, which sailed, with a crew of one hundred and twenty men. 



TSTtbjtmr^port dc Fittnitg ii 



from S^ing'g Ssilanb, ^alisiburp 

November 1 5, 1 776, was captured the twenty-fourth of the following December^ 
by the sixty-four-gun man-of-war Reasonable, of the English Navy, and her 
crew cast into Mill Prison, Plymouth, where they remained, and suffered great 
hardships, for more than two years, and were finally released through the efforts 
of Benjamin Franklin. During this time Charles Herbert of Newburyport> 
one of the number, wrote a journal which he preserved in spite of the close 
inspection to which they were subjected. After his death this journal was 
published and forms a most interesting and valuable record of life in an English 
prison. Henry and Cutting Lunt, on obtaining their liberty, went to France 
and enlisted as midshipmen with Paul Jones, on the Bon Homme Richard then 
fitting out at L'Orient. They were speedily promoted to lieutenancies, and 
served their able commander, whom they greatly admired, in many of his fiercest 
engagements, including that with the Serapis. It was in this terrible battle, when 
Commodore Jones was fighting against heavy odds, that his success was almost 
reversed by the traitorous act of his subordinate. Captain Landais. The latter 
was in command of the ship Alliance before mentioned, and, inspired by jeal- 
ousy, continued under the presumable excuse of firing at the enemy, to rake 
the decks of the Bon Homme Richard^ in spite of the frantic signals of the latter. 
Many Newburyport men were in the crew of the Alliance at that time, and were 
thus obliged to fire on their friends and townsmen. When Paul Jones was 
recruiting for a frigate building for him at Portsmouth, he came to Newbury- 
port to engage Henry Lunt, and expressed great regret when he found that 
Lieutenant Lunt had sailed on the letter of marque ship Intrepid, of this port. 
He remarked that he would prefer Mr. Lunt to any officer he had ever known. 
Many seamen from Newburyport also served under Jones in the Ranger, 
Bon Homme Richard^ Alliance, and Ariel. 

While men-of-war and privateers carried brave men to seek the enemy 
abroad, those left at home were far from idle. Forts were established and 



12 1S^f)t €oloniKl l$oofe of 




0nt of tfje iivit ^aberng in i^efcoburp 



maintained at the mouth of the river, and ship-building was very active, while 
the English ship Friends, which had mistaken this port for Boston, was captured 
ort the bar, by the stratagem of adventurous spirits who had observed her 
actions from the town and boarded her in open boats. 

In the gathering of munitions of war Newbury port was of much service 
to the State, and on several occasions was able to supply cannon and gun- 
powder in considerable quantities. In the early days of the struggle, before 
the arrival of special importations the town was called upon by the provincial 
congress to send several barrels of powder to Cambridge, which the committee 
of safety was loth to do, as they felt that their small store was needed to fur- 
nish the batteries erected on Plum Island for the defense of the harbor. Their 
reply, however, expresses the following remarkably unselfish sentiment: 

"We are, therefore, very loath to part with the little we have unless the 
public cause renders it absolutely necessary, in which case we shall readily give 
up the last ounce, the destruction of this Town being a trivial matter in our 
estimation compared with a final defeat of the army," 

On the seventeenth of June, 1779, three British warships entered Penobscot 
Bay and took possession of the town of Castine. News of this invasion 
reached Newburyport soon afterward and an address was immediately forwarded 
to the General Court, at Boston, noting the fact and urging an expedition to 
recover the port, together with an offer of four ships mounting seventy-two 
guns to be manned and equipped for this purpose within a week. The Board 
of war were already planning such an expedition and the proffer was gratefully 
accepted, the ships being ordered to rendezvous at Boston. The fleet, compris- 
ing thirty-seven vessels, sailed on the tenth of July, but various delays proved 
fatal, and the Americans were driven up the Penobscot river by a large British 
fleet which suddenly appeared just as an assault was about to be made. Many 
ships were burned to prevent their capture, and the officers and crews made 
their escape through the forest as best they could. Much suffering resulted 
and Newburyport sent a vessel to the Kennebec with provisions for the relief 



T?^tbjtittr^|)ort Sc Witinit^ 13 



of the refugees, also contributing largely to defray their further expenses in 
reaching their homes. Had the affair been directed with the vigor that charac- 
terized Newburyport's initiative a different result would have been probable. 

The following, from the reply to the communication of Tristram Dalton 
and others of the Committee of Safety shows the current appreciation of 
Newburyport patriotism : 

War Office, 30th June, 1779. 
Tristram Dalton, Esq^ 

Sir : — Your Favor of the 27th Instant we received & are happy in noticing 
the Spirited Exertion of the Gentlemen in Newbury Port which have given 
animation to all who wish to promote the present important Expedition, the 
Success of which we are in opinion with you, depends on an early & vigorous 
attack. * * * We wish to pay the Tribute of applause so justly due to the 
disinterested & strenuous efforts now making by the worthy Gentlemen of 
Newburyport but the great hurry of office at this critical junction must be our 
apology for the omission ; however we must add that it evinces that genuine 
regard to the Glorious cause in which we are all embarked, for which the 
Citizens of that Town have ever been distinguished. 

We are &c 

By order of the Board 

SAM'L PHIPS SAVAGE, Prest. 

The war of i 8 1 2 found Newburyport just recovering from the fire of i 8 1 1 , 
and the paralyzing Embargo of previous years. In striking contrast to their 
war spirit in the Revolution, the people of this town were almost unanimously 
opposed to this second war with England, and this not for reasons of mere 
commercial policy, however much they needed business, but on the ground that 
such a war was unjustified, and that the differences might easily be settled in 
other ways. An address adopted in full town meeting was sent to the legisla- 
ture of Massachusetts, in which they declared their willingness to stand by the 
Constitution and defend their rights, and their equal unwillingness to take any 
aggressive part in the proposed war. These sentiments were in the main 
adhered to throughout hostilities, and in pursuance of them, forts were manned 
at the mouth of the Merrimac and at other points on Plum Island, which served 
to keep at bay several English ships that hovered around this part of the coast 
in the hope of destroying the sloop of war Wasp and gunboats Number Eighty- 
one and Number Eighty-three, then building here. 

Though privateering shared to a great degree the unpopularity of the war, 
a considerable number were fitted out here, some of which made brilliant 
records. Chief among these was the brig Decatur, Captain William Nichols, 
which, during two weeks of one voyage, captured eight vessels, four of which 

were armed. Earlier in the war Captain 
Nichols was in command of the mer- 
chant ship Alert, which was taken by 
the British man-of-war Semiramis, and 
ordered to Plymouth under guard from 
the latter. Before reaching that port, 
however. Captain Nichols and his men 
regained control of the ship and impris- 
oned the British seamen in the hold. 
Unfortunately, they soon fell in with 
another British ship, the Vestal, which 




14 ^ft^ Colonial iJooft of 




jfrom a bratoins matie by one of tfje creto 

again took them and carried them to Portsmouth, England. This may have 
determined Captain Nichols to his latter course which was of undoubted service 
to the National cause. 

Privateering, though apparently very remunerative during the war of the 
Revolution, did not prove so in the end, except as it stimulated business for the 
time being, and the enormous fortunes gained by individuals were much reduced 
by later losses and contributions to the expense of the war. In addition to 
the many merchant ships captured by the English, twenty-two vessels, carrying 
over one thousand men, sailed from here and were never afterwards heard from. 

In the eight years from the battle of Lexington to the proclamation of peace, 
Newburyport raised for current expenses $2,522,500, which was eighty-five times 
the aggregate of appropriations for an equal period immediately preceding. 

It was at first intended to print here the names of all who served in the 
Revolutionary wars, from Newbury and Newburyport, but the impossibility 
of this becomes apparent when we find that in the neighborhood of fifteen 
hundred were in the army alone, at one time or another ; while the number 
of those that were in the navy or privateers would be difficult even to estimate. 
In place of this, the publishers of this book will freely send to any of Newbury 
or Newburyport ancestry, all available record of any name submitted, or will, 
in any other way possible, identify early patriots. 

ALTHOUGH commerce and ship-building were the chief industrial interests 
of Newburyport in its early years, invention and manufacturing were by no 
means absent. Reference has been made to the antiquity of silversmithing here, 
and much more might be said of the extent of this industry, and the variety 
of articles manufactured. Some of them, as for instance silver shoe-buckles, are 
now obsolete, while silver thimbles and necklaces of gold beads, though still 
used, are not commonly the product of silversmiths. In 1824, machinery was 
invented here for the manufacture of silver thimbles, and an extensive business 
was developed in this line, but it has long since ceased to exist. 



'Ne^tur^port K ¥itimtv is 




0nt of tljc i^ortt €nb ^fjip l^artig 

Many instances might be cited of great men who were trained as gold 
or silver smiths, but whose talents afterwards enriched other branches of art or 
science. In the old world, Cellini and Michael Angelo were prominent exam- 
ples, and, later, Paul Revere arose in this country and rendered important 
services for the welfare, comfort, and prosperity of a struggling people. In 
like manner, Jacob Perkins, an early Newburyport silversmith, was too richly 
endowed with ideas and ambition to limit his efforts to a narrow field. When 
he was but fifteen years of age the master to whom he was apprenticed died, 
and he was left in charge of the business, but through his skill in engraving he 
was engaged at the age of twenty-one to make the dies for the Massachusetts 
mint and from that turned his attention to designing machinery for coining the 
money. 

He was born July 9, 1766, and died July 13, 1849, after a life of versatile 
activity in the mechanic arts and sciences, where, in the face of triumphs that 
would have satisfied many, he continued to turn from one problem to another, 
gaining new laurels from each. One of his most important inventions was a 
machine for making nails, produced when he was but twenty-four years of age. 
At that time all nails were forged by hand, and a good workman could produce 
one thousand in a day. With his perfected machines, the daily product of one 
man was increased to ten kegs, of one hundred pounds each. 

He associated with himself Messrs. Guppy & Armstrong, of Newbury- 
port, who built the machines, and together they established a manufactory at 
Newbury Falls, a part of the town now called Byfield, where water-power was 
available. 

In the following extract from an advertisement in the Impartial Herald, 
Newburyport, 1795, we catch a glimpse of business methods in those days 
of quaint customs : — 

The patentee would inform the public that they have begun the manufacture 
of brads, and will have a considerable number in fourteen or twenty days. As 
some will naturally think they cannot supply the whole continent and will there- 



16 ^fte Colonial i^oolt of 




^ late tiietu of tfte toater front 

fore order from abroad, they would say that they have three engines which will 
make thirty-six hundred thousand weekly, and will add one engine each month. 

N. B. A few whitesmiths may have constant employ and liberal wages. 

rt ' ^ f Jacob Perkins, Inventor. 
Proprietors < -L © a 

^ ( (juppy & Armstrong. 

To follow in detail all the enterprises and achievements of Jacob Perkins 
would unduly extend this article, and we can only briefly refer to the most 
important. 

During the war of i 8 12, he was employed by the national government in 
the construction of machinery for boring out old and honey-combed cannon, 
and he invented a steam gun that discharged one thousand balls a minute. 

He demonstrated the compressibility of water, inventing the Piezometer 
for this purpose, and also invented instruments for measuring the depth of the 
sea, which he described in a treatise published in London in 1820. He also 
experimented on new types of the steam engine, in some employing steam at a 
pressure of 65 atmospheres, or 975 pounds to the square inch. 

He invented a stereotype check-plate for the reverse of bank-bills, designed 
for the prevention of counterfeiting. This was very successful, there being no 
record of an attempt to counterfeit it, whereas the practice had been very com- 
mon with those previously used. 

He made great improvements in the method of hardening steel and partic- 
ularly applied these to the production of more durable printing plates. His 
process, which is still in use, made possible the hardening of the most delicately 
engraved plates without injury, and in 18 19 he went to London to bring it to 
the attention of the directors of the Bank of P.ngland. They desired to use the 
process but declined to pay the stipulated price and the bank did not get the 
benefit of it until the patent expired. Other banks and business houses did 
purchase rights however, and Mr. Perkins spent the remainder of his life in 
London, where he was known as the "American Inventor" and was honored 
with the medals of the Society of Liberal Arts. 



Ij^r^bJtittrsjiort K Fttmitg 17 




"Horb " Cimottp Bcxter'sf regitience, built in 1771 

Another industry inaugurated by Newburyport capital was located at the 
falls in Byfield. This was the Newburyport Woolen Company, established in 
1794, the first company incorporated for that business in the state, and by some 
authorities named as the first woolen manufactory in America. The carding 
and other machines for its equipment were built by Standring, Guppy, & Arm- 
strong, in Newburyport, being set up in "Lord" Timothy Dexter's stable; and 
were the first made in this country. 

At Newbury a fulling mill had been in operation since 1687, when it was 
established by Peter Cheney, who sold it to John Pearson, by whose descend- 
ants it was operated as a fulling mill and blanket factory until destroyed by fire. 
It was succeeded by the present mill, established by the Pearsons, who are 
most prominently identified with this industry. 

At Byfield, also, machinery for making wooden shoe-pegs was invented 
by Paul Pillsbury. This article completely revolutionized the manufacture 
of shoes. 

Other industries that at the beginning of this century contributed largely 
to Newburyport's prosperity, were: Cordage-making, employing fifty hands ; 
boot and shoe making (Newbury and Newburyport together), employing 
upwards of one hundred and fifty hands, these being scattered in the little 
shops that dotted the country in that day ; comb-making, the product of which 
was nearly $200,000, annually; tobacco-manufacture, in the form of snuffs and 
cigars; tanning; morocco-dressing; wool-pulling; carriage-building; and not 
least of all, distilling. Rum was a very important commodity, freely drunk by 
high and low; and few advertisements of merchandise were seen without the 
announcement of a choice hogshead of rum, generally in large type at the head 
of the list. At the close of the last century there were ten distilleries in active 
operation here, contributing to the reputation of New England rum. 

Another notable feature was Newburyport's importance as a publishing 
centre, and the extent of its retail book-trade. 

The first newspaper here was established in 1773, by Isaiah Thomas and 
Henry W. Tinges, who, on December 4 of that year, issued the first number 
of the Essex Journal and New Hampshire Packet. 



18 ^ft^ i^olonM l^ook of 




^f)t Clipper sfjip Brealinaugijt 

As no complete record is available, only a few of the books published here 
can be alluded to, but some of these were of much importance. 

The first system of Arithmetic published in this country was the work of 
Nicholas Pike, a Newburyport school-master, and was published here in 1787. 
This was a very coniprehensive work, and was an authority for many years. 
General Washington expressed his gratification at this purely American product. 

Blunt's famous " Coast Pilot " and other nautical works were published 
here by Blunt & March, who also issued many other volumes, including 
medical works, Bibles, Testaments, hymn books, and other religious works, 
such as " Christ's Famous Titles and Believer's Golden Chain, together with 
Cabinet of Jewels," 

Other works were: Quarles' "Emblems and Hieroglyphics of the Life of 
Man," 1 799, with copperplate engravings; "The Life of Nelson"; "The Life 
of Paul Jones"; "The Poetical Works of Peter Pindar, a Distant Relation 
of the Poet of Thebes"; the "Idler," in two volumes; and Volume II of 
" Letters Written by the late Right Honorable Philip Dorman Stanhope, Earl 
of Chesterfield," Volume I of which was published at Boston. 

The publishers of these were Angler March successor to Blunt & March, 
Thomas & Whipple, and John Mycall. 

An evidence of the magnitude of this business is the extensive advertising 
of books in the local papers of that time, and the fact that one of the stores 
burned in the great fire of 181 1 contained a stock of $30,000 worth of books. 

Newburyport Is, or has been, more or less identified with some of the most 
prominent educational institutions of the present, first among which is Harvard 
College. The town of Newbury contributed to the support of this institution 
in its earliest years, and had the honor of claiming its first graduate, Benjamin 
Woobridge of this town being placed at the head of the class of nine who 
completed the course in 1642. Position in the class was determined by the 
standing or rank of the families of members, a method in keeping with the 
rigid social distinctions of those days. 



I^ebjtttr^port ^ J^itinit^ 19 




0nt of tfje earliest ^mptmion Priligejf 



Newburyport furnished seven professors to Harvard College, including 
Samuel Webber, who was made president in 1 806, and Cornelius Conway Felton, 
who was similarly honored in i860. Other college presidents born here were 
Samuel C. Bartlett of Dartmouth, Leonard Woods of Bowdoin, and Benjamin 
Hale of Hobart. 

Dummer Academy, Newbury, was founded by Governor Dummer in 1 76 1, 
and was the first institution of its kind in operation in America. It has had a 
notable history, and is still in a flourishing condition. 

EMINENT MEN OF EARLY TIMES RESIDENT HERE, NOT 
ELSEWHERE MENTIONED. 

Chief Justice Samuel Sewall, the subject of Whittier's poem of which the 
quotation on the first page of this book is the beginning, was born in England 
in 1652, during the temporary residence of his parents in that country, his 
father being Henry Sewall, one of the first settlers of Newbury, and one 
of the most learned and respected men of his time. He married Hannah Hull, 
daughter of John Hull, master of the Massachusetts Mint, referred to on 
another page as the first silversmith in Boston, who presented the bride with 
a dowry equal to her weight, in silver sixpences. 

Theophilus Bradbury, a jurist of distinction and member of Congress 
under Washington's administration, was born here in 1739. He was also 
justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. 

Charles Jackson, a son of Jonathan Jackson, was born in 1775, and became 
an eminent lawyer and justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. 

Patrick Tracy Jackson, born in Newburyport in 1780. Merchant and 
originator, with his brother-in-law, Francis C. Lowell, of cotton-cloth manu- 
facture in America. They invented machinery, and established a mill at 
Waltham which was in successful operation many years, and was said to be the 
first manufactory in the world to combine cotton spinning and weaving, under 



20 IS^'bt Colonial l$ooi^ of 




Snbian ^iU Jfarm 

one roof. Later, Mr. Jackson purchased the entire site and water privilege of 
the present city of Lowell, which he founded, and named in honor of his 
brother-in-law and former partner, then dead. In 1830, Mr. Jackson, in 
company" with Mr. Boot, conceived the project of constructing a railroad in 
New England, and, overcoming great obstacles, completed it in 1835. This 
was the Boston & Lowell Railroad, now a part of the Boston & Maine 
system. 

Charles Toppan, the first president of the American Bank Note Company, 
was born in 1796, and studied engraving in Philadelphia. He was later associ- 
ated with Jacob Perkins, with whom he went to England to introduce improve- 
ments in bank-note engraving. In 1858, he organized the American Bank 
Note Company of New York, with branches in Boston, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, 
New Orleans, and Montreal. 

Jacob Little, son of a prosperous merchant of Newburyport, was born 
in 1797, and at an early age entered the employ of a prominent merchant of 
New York. He afterwards became a member of the New York Stock Exchange, 
and was the acknowledged head of the financial world of that city. 

William Wheelwright, one of Newburyport's greatest benefactors, was 
born in 1798. He was a ship-master, and was cast away on the coast ot Brazil 
in 1823; which led him to settle and engage in business in South America, in 
the development of which he became a prominent factor. He establisheci 
steamship lines and built the first railroads on that continent, overcoming 
tremendous natural obstacles, and finally accumulating great wealth. His 
statue in bronze stands in the public square of Valparaiso, Chile, the gift of 
the people, in recognition of his achievements. He always retained his attach- 
ment for and interest in his native town, and in his will provided for the 
establishment of a scientific school here, when the fund, which now amounts to 
nearly $500,000, should be sufficient. A part of the income of this is now 
used to defray the expenses of a scientific education for such graduates of the 
High School as desire it, some being maintained in Europe for this purpose. 



:^(reb)i&ttr^|)ort $c Fttinit^ 21 




Caleb Gushing, the eminent lawyer and statesman, was born in Salisbury 
in the year 1800, but came to Newburyport with his parents at the age of two 
years. He was educated for the bar, and early achieved distinction in his 
profession. He served four terms as a member of Congress, was minister to 
China and to Spain, attorney-general of the United States under President 
Pierce, and represented this country at the Geneva tribunal. He was also 
commissioned brigadier-general in the Mexican war, and held many other 
important offices. 

Others whom Newburyport has been proud to call her sons by birth or 
adoption are : 

Right Reverend Thomas M. Clarke, Bishop cf Rhode Island, born here 
in 1812. 

Benjamin Perley Poore, journalist and author, born in 1820 at Indian Hill 
Farm, Newbury, the home of his ancesters for many generations. 

General A. W. Greeley, of the United States Army, commander of the 
Arctic Expedition bearing his name. He was born in 1844. 

William C. Todd, founder of the Free Reading Room of this city, and 
donor of $50,000 to maintain a free newspaper reading room in the Boston 
Public Library. Mr. Todd was born in Atkinson, N. H., in 1823 ; and was 
for many years principal of the Female High School of this city. 

Josiah Little, founder of the Public Library. 

Michael Simpson, by whose liberality the Public Library building was 
greatly enlarged and improved. 

George Peabody, the famous London banker, whose benefactions amounted 
to millions of dollars. Mr. Peabody received his early business training here 
in the employ of his brother, but was obliged to leave Newburyport after 
the great fire of 181 1, which he was one of the first to discover. He endowed 
the Newburyport Public Library with a fund of $15,000. 

James Parton, historian and biographer. For many years he owned and 
occupied the house on the northeasterly corner of High and Oakland Streets. 



22 ^i)e €olonM lioofi of 




^\)t picturesque centre of a primititie inbusitrp 
NOTES. 

The quaint old sign of the Wolfe Tavern is a pleasing reminder of the 
ancient institution of that hostelry, as well as a token of early patriotism and 
tribute to military greatness. 

Captain William Davenport brought back from the plains of Abraham 
enthusiastic appreciation of his late commander, General Wolfe, who fell a sacri- 
fice to bravery m the hour of his hard-earned victory. When, therefore, in 
1762, Captain Davenport transformed his dwelling near the lower end of Fish 
(now State) Street to a tavern, he dedicated it to his lamented leader, and placed 
in front a swinging sign, elaborately carved, with a portrait of General Wolfe 
surrounded by a wreath entwined with scrolls, the whole appropriately painted 
and gilded. This highly decorative emblem was freely threatened with destruc- 
tion, during the Revolutionary war, when only the hatred of all things British 
was thought of and former pride in the achievements of Wolfe forgotten. 
While all other reminders of royalty were destroyed, and notwithstanding the 
declaration of a local newspaper, that it was an 
"insult to the inhabitants of this truly repub- 
lican town," it remained in place until destroyed 
by the great fire of i 8 r i . The present sign was 
erected in 18 14, when the tavern was removed 
to its present location. 

Before the introduction of railroads, the 
Wolfe Tavern was the property, and a station 
of the Eastern Stage Company, which ran 
daily trips with relays of horses, to Boston and 
Portsmouth ; and the arrival and departure of 
the stages, which, it may be noted, were all 
built in Newburyport, were events of consider- 
able importance, and attended with consequent 
excitement. The Eastern Stage Company was 
the forerunner of the Eastern Railroad Com- 
pany, which road is now operated by the 
Boston & Maine Railroad Company. 

The brick building on the corner of State 



nthlKatt. 



lam tTufli 
IhtfiiitiFtthilVct. 
OKrl Ihi frrat-ttPh,UtCphsi 

utffj-mi.ibj nt. 

Tmcihy Drxtcr " 




t^^r^^tittt^l^ort $c Fitittit^ 23 




and Harris Streets, which was the nucleus of the present 
hotel building, was first occupied as a residence by Colonel 
John Peabody, uncle of George Peabody, and then a mer- 
chant in this town. 

Saint Paul's Church of Newburyport has the distinc- 
tion of being the oldest in the Protestant Episcopal diocese 
of Massachusetts, and one of its early ministers, the 
Right Reverend Edward Bass, D.D., was the first bishop 
of this diocese, which then included Rhode Island and 
New Hampshire. 

The beginning of this parish was due to the removal 
of the Second Parish church of Newbury, in 171 1, from 
its meeting-house near Sawyer's hill to a new one at the 
west end of the parish. The parishioners living near the 
old meeting-house desired to continue to worship in it, 
but it was torn down and removed in the night-time by 
a company of men and boys from the neighborhood of 
the new meeting-house. A new building was then begun 
near the site of the old one, but the dominant body of the 
parish appealed to the General Court to prevent this, and 
those concerned in its erection were formally directed to 
desist from their work until a hearing on the matter should 
be held by the Court. This was followed by a counter- 
petition from the builders for permission to " go on with 
their meeting-house," in reply to which the General Court 
repeated its order, to be served by the sheriff, and also 
ordered that officer to summon the delinquents to appear 
before the Court to answer for their contempt. Not to -f l^ewburyport 
be circumvented, the offenders appealed to the Church "AV^ly if" 

r T- 1 J J J • 1 • J • 1 • . of the Revolution 

or England, and under its authority and with its ritual 
made bold to complete their building, which they named 
Queen Anne's Chapel, and sever their allegiance to the Second Parish, King's 
Chapel of Boston, then the only Protestant Episcopal church in this section 

of the country, supplied one of its ministers tem- 
porarily, and then the Reverend John Lambton, 
chaplain of her Majesty's ship "Phenix" was 
transferred to this parish and remained in charge 
of it nearly a year when he was relieved by the 
arrival of the Reverend Henry Lucas from Eng- 
land in September, 171 5. Thus, within a century, 
descendants of the Puritan settlers sought the 
protection of the church their forefathers had 
left England to be rid of 

The parish prospered and in 1738 began 
the erection of a larger building in the more 
thickly settled part of the town, which they 
named Saint Paul's Church. This for twenty- 
five years shared with Queen Anne's Chapel the 
services of the Reverend Matthias Plant and his 

♦Jonathan Plummer . _,. j ■[-■ J J T* 

"Poet Laureate ta' Lord' Timothy Dexter" assistant and successof, Kevcrena Edward riass. 





24 ^ft^ Colonial l^oo'k of 




^f)t subject of a poem hv ^annafj 0oulli 

but in 1766 the older building was abandoned and the parish concentrated 
at Saint Paul's Church. By the conversion of King's Chapel at the time of 
the Revolution, Saint Paul's Church, which at that time modified its rubric to 
suit republican principles, became the oldest of the diocese. 

The Pre-Revolutionary disturbances in France extended to that country's 
West Indian possessions and the wealthy planters of those colonies were obliged 
to flee with their families for personal safety. From 1788 to 1793 large numbers 
of these emigres came to Newburyport from Martinique and Guadeloupe in the 
vessels plying between those islands and this port, and for some years they were 
an esteemed element in the community. Some of these died before the crisis 
in their national affairs was reached, and are buried here, and a few became per- 
manent residents, but the greater number returned to their homes and posses- 
sions when tranquillity was restored. 

The famous Siamese twins Chang and Eng, were brought to this country 
from Tringana, Siam, by Captain Abel Coflin of the Newburyport ship Sachem, 
and after their first exhibition and subsequent tour of Europe thev visited here 
on several occasions. The following announcement concerning them is from 
the Newburyport Herald September fourth, 1829. 

Double Siamese Bovs about 18 years old (lately arrived in ship 
Sachem Capt. A. Coflin) the most valuable and extraordinary natural 
curiosity ever before presented the Public will be exhibited in Wash- 
ington Hall, Green Street, on Monday & Tuesdav next only. 

Hours assigned for exhibition each day from 9 to i o'clock a. m. 
from 3 to 6 o'clock p. m. 

Price of admission 25 cents, children under 12 years of age 
half price. 

(For farther particulars see Bills.) 



l!ilt^i)i)uv^povt k mtinit^ 25 




^n atjanboneb Himesitone (0uarrp of earlp trapjf 

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences had its inception here and 
was incorporated in 1780 with leading citizens of Newburyport, Salem, and 
Boston as members. It has done much to promote scientific investigation and 
has published many volumes of research in this field. Its present headquarters 
are in the building of the Massachusetts Historical Society at Boston. 

Two Newburyport men, members of Captain Richard Titcomb's com- 
pany, were of the number that conveyed Benedict Arnold to the British ship 
Vulture, in September, 1780, and scorned his offer of promotion, if they would 
follow him in his then announced desertion from the American to the English 
forces. 

One of the ancient institutions of Newburyport is the ofiice of town-crier. 
It is now neither appointive nor elective, the present incumbent having, years 
ago, succeeded to it, and continued without opposition. In early times he 
commanded attention with a drum, and one of his duties was to escort petty 
culprits through the principal streets, calling attention to their offences, which 
they also were sometimes required to proclaim. The business of the present 

picturesque exemplar is, however, mostly 
confined to announcements of excursions 
or entertainments, varied with the promo- 
tion of retail trade, and his " Hear what 
I have to say!" is preceded by the clang 
of a large hand-bell. It is doubtful if 
this functionary survives anywhere else in 
the United States. 

The Curfew Bell, which has recently 
given its name to a movement to compel 
the retiring of young people from the 
streets at nine o'clock in the evening, has, 
with the exception of a short interval in 







26 TS^f^t Colonial l$ook of 




the last decade, been 
rung here nightly for 
one hundred and 
ninety-two years, and 
it is indeed a curfew, 
or signal for retiring, 
for many people. 

The first vessel to 
display the American 
flag on the river 
Thames, was theCount 
de Grasse, Captain 
Nicholas Johnson, of 
^--■--x-.v-^^^— -^•^--'^- -^----->--- — this port. 

A Newburyport 
ship, the Indus, was also the first to sail from this country to Calcutta, after the 
war of 1 8 12, and made the return trip before news of her arrival there had 
otherwise reached here. 

A few months later in the same year, another vessel, the Dryad, sailed 
from here to carry to Calcutta the first five missionaries of the American Board 
of Foreign Missions, an organization established here by a Newburyport and 
a Salem clergyman, but which has long since outgrown its early home and re- 
moved to broader fields. 

The history of ship-building at this port, includes many items of general 
interest. While it is impossible, through imperfect registration, to ascertain 
the exact number of vessels built on the Merrimac, it is probable that, from 
first to last, the number would be upwards of two thousand. 

The water-line model which enabled a designer to more easily and 
accurately ascertain the lines and sections of his creation, was invented here by 
a prominent ship-builder, Orlando Merrill, in 1794. The original model of 
this invention is now preserved in the rooms of the New York Historical 
Society. 

In 1853 the celebrated clipper ship Dreadnaught was built here, a vessel 
whose remarkable record of crossing the Atlantic in a little more than thirteen 
days, was equal to those of many steamships. 

Newburyport closed the record of ship-building in Massachusetts, with 
the launching, in 1882, of the Mary L. Cushing, the last vessel of that class 
built in this state. 

Although the various socie- 
ties of Daughters of the Revolu- 
tion are of comparatively recent 
formation, the spirit which they 
represent was manifest in New- 
buryport as early as 1796, as 
shown from the following from 
the Impartial Herald of that 
year. 

Newburyport, February 26, 
1796. Female patriotism. A 
number of ladies belonging to 




ISf^Cmtnv^pott $c Witinit^ 27 



this town met on Mon- 
day, in honor of the 
day that gave birth to 
the man " who unites 
all hearts," and dedi- 
cated a few glasses to 
the following truly 
sentimental and highly 
republican toasts. 

1. May our beloved 
President preside at 
the helm of govern- 
ment longer than 
we shall have time 
to tell his years. 

2. Mrs. Washington, respected consort of our illustrious chief. 

3. May the fair patriots of America never fail to assert their independence, 
which nature equally dispenses. 

4. Maria Charlotte Corday. May each Columbian daughter, like her, be 
ready to sacrifice their life to liberty. 

5. The day that saw the wondrous hero rise shall, more than all our sacred 
days, be blessed. 




?fe!;l)M*-#tl?7wt^A9^ 



*!K.»<n';h>. . vs , 



'IXT'HILE the purpose of this book is to give, in connection with Colonial 
^ ^ silverware, an outline of the Colonial and Revolutionary history of 
Newburyport, it is also designed to note briefly some of the chief points of 
interest in neighboring cities and towns. This reference to its main object is 
made that any seeming lack of proportion between the representation of a place 

and its known importance may 
be understood, and the random 
character of the selections ac- 
counted for. 

Salem is particularly rich in 
points of interest around which 
history or tradition has left its 
charm of romance or pall of 
tragedy. It was here that 
occurred the first armed resis- 
tance of the Revolution, when, 
on the 26th of February, 1775, 
the march of three hundred 
British troops sent by General 
Gage to seize munitions of 
war was arrested. From here 
came Colonel Timothy Picker- 
ing, one of Washington's most 
trusted advisers, and to whom 
was given successively every 
office in his cabinet, when the 
latter became president. 







'« 




28 1S^f)t Colonial ^ook of 




OTifjere a great institution f)ab itsf birtfj 

In addition to its wealth of history and the memories of its once famous 
commerce, its heroes of war and statecraft, and its merchant princes, Salem is 
remembered and particularly visited as the home of Hawthorne and the scene 
of several of his romances. His birthplace, the home of his youth, the 
"House of Seven Gables," the " Grimshaw House," and Custom House, as 
well as the many other houses and haunts immortalized in his writings, bring 
to the thoughtful visitor a vivid sense of personal acquaintance, not to be 
gained alone by the reading of his works. Other cities have historic 
associations and fine old architecture, have had even the witches — of painful 
memory — but only Salem can show these originals of storied scenes. 

^ I ""HOUGH small in point of population, Marblehead has strongly marked 
-*- characteristics, and has played a very important part in the history of our 
country. Like the other seaport towns of northern Massachusetts, it furnished 
many men for the navy of the Revolution, and none were braver or hardier 
than the sons of this rocky and picturesque hamlet. Chief among these was 
Captain Mugford, to whose memory and that of his crew a memorial has been 
erected. He captured, off Boston harbor, in May, 1776, a British ship, laden 
with military supplies ; but, after sending this safely to port, was the same day 
killed, while defending his ship against an attack of the enemy. 

Here lived Agnes Surriage, beloved of Sir Henry Frankland, and here 
also is the scene of Whittier's poem of " Skipper Ireson's Ride," though the 
story is doubtless largely imaginary. 

The old town is said to have been a resort of pirates and buccaneers from 
the Spanish Main, but it is pleasanter to contemplate its visitors of to-day, the 
magnificent yachts that rendezvous here from the coast. 



:uCel»tmr^|)ort $c ¥icinit:0 29 




Wi)t f)ome of prominent (gloucefiter families;. Puilt about 1705 

A CROSS the harbor from Marblehead is Beverly, the two arranged like 
-^ ^ sentinels, guarding the approach to Salem, which is further inland. 
Marblehead and Beverly divide other honors, for the regiment commanded 
by Colonel Glover was recruited from both places, and took an active part in 
the Revolution. It was at one time stationed at Beverly, to cover the move- 
ments of British men-of-war lying in the outer harbor. This regiment was 
frequently selected by Washington for enterprises requiring great courage and 
skill, as instanced by its responsible part in the evacuation of New York by 
the American army in 1776. Its most notable achievement, however, was 
the memorable passage of the Delaware, when, on the night of Christmas, 1776, 
Washington's army was enabled, under the skilful guidance of these men of 
Marblehead and Beverly, to cross in safety the stormy and ice-filled river, and 
capture at Trenton a large part of the British army. 

Beverly was bombarded by the British ship Nautilus, but suffered no 
great damage. In return, her privateers, which were early commissioned, 
brought in many valuable prizes 'and materially aided the American cause. 



A T the time of the Revolution and for the first 
-^ ^ half of this century, the whole of Cape Ann was 
known as Gloucester. Since that time the towns of 
Rockport and Annisquam have been set off, thus 
reducing the territory of Gloucester. 

Fishing, in which it is now supreme, has always been 
its leading industry, and the "Captains Courageous " of 
Kipling were no less so when courage meant the braving 
of hostile guns as well as tempest and rockv shores. 




30 ^fte €oloni^l l$ook of 




Jfireplace in Wi\)ittitv'i tiirttplacc 

A Newburyport privateer, the Yankee Hero, reinforced by Gloucester 
sailors, was captured, off the Cape, by a British man-of-war, disguised as a 
merchantman, after a hard-fought battle. Among the noted patriots of those 
days, Captain Harraden of Gloucester was a famous and successful fighter 
who did great service for his country. The souvenir spoon commemorating 
this event, shown on page 23, was probably the first of this character in 
America. 

On the southerly side of the entrance to Gloucester harbor lies the reef 
of Norman's Woe — remembered in Longfellow's "Wreck of the Hesperus" 
— the ceaseless peal of the floating bell warning the mariner of its menacing 
presence, as when, on 
that fatal night of old, 
the skipper's daughter 
cried : — 

" O father ! I hear the 
church-bells ring, 
O say, what may it be?" 



TJ AVERH ILL, 
-■- ^ which is to-day a 
populous and busy city, 
lacked the advantages 
of the coast towns, and 
although settled in 1 640, 
did not reach its present 
development until the 
era of manufacturing 
had superseded that of 




•fcl'tlr- 



:UCel»tittr^|)ort ^ Firinitg 31 









^.-.x>;i<^.;-..lv.Vrj{!/, 

ywrV 



commerce. It was, 
however, notably ac- 
tive in the events lead- 
ing up to the Revolu- 
tion, and furnished, 
both promptly and 
willingly, its full quota 
of men and funds for 
that war. 

In earlier times, 
Haverhill suffered 
severely from Indian 
attacks, its inland situ- 
ation rendering it par- 
ticularly liable to this 
danger. The most 
famous of these took 
place on the fifteenth 
of March, 1697, when 
thirty- nine persons 
were killed orcaptured, 

and a number of houses burned. Among those taken prisoners were, Hannah 
Duston — whose husband, Thomas Duston, fought his way to safety, with 
seven of their eight children — and Mary Neff, her nurse. After traveling 
some days and suffering many hardships, they were brought to an island in 
the Merrimac, situated a few miles above what is now Concord. Early on 
the morning of April 30, while the savages all slept, Mrs. Duston aroused her 
nurse and an English youth who had been longer a prisoner, and, arming 
themselves with tomahawks, they killed their captors, to the number of ten, a 
squaw and youth escaping. After scuttling all the canoes but one, they pro- 
visioned that and started back to Haverhill, but, before going far, decided to 
return and scalp the Indians, as evidence of their deed; this they did, finally 
reaching home in safety. One of the features of Haverhill is the Hannah 

Duston monument commem- 





orating this event. 

/^NE of the most interest- 
^-^ ing of neighboring cities 
is Portsmouth. From the 
earliest time it has been forti- 
fied, and later its fine deep har- 
bor led to the establishment 
of the Navy Yard and attend- 
ant government institutions. 

All the prevalent senti- 
ments of liberty and independ- 
ence noted in accounts of other 
places were characteristic of 
Portsmouth, though the town 
had probably a greater num- 



32 1S^f)t Colonial l^ook of 



















3C3B: 



d^ne of tfje olbest f)ou£;cs: of JJortgmoutfj, i^. ^. 

ber of prominent loyalists than any other, save Boston. They were roughly 
handled by the patriots, and at the outbreak of open hostilities were obliged 
to seek safety elsewhere. 

One of the first decisive acts of the Revolution, if not the first, was 
successfully consummated here, on the night of December 14, 1774, four 
months before the battle of Lexington. 

On that night, a party of men, anticipating the garrisoning of Fort Wil- 
liam and Mary, at Newcastle, by the forces of the king, descended on the 
fort, surprising and overpowering the sentinel and commandant, forced its 
surrender, and removed to Portsmouth upwards of one hundred barrels of gun- 
powder and fifteen of the lightest cannon. The munitions were effectively 
used in the Revolution, a large part of the gunpowder being sent to Cambridge. 

Portsmouth was markedly aristocratic in early times, and the elegant 
Colonial mansions that still adorn its streets are reminders of the days of 
affluence, when, like Newburyport and Salem, it gloried in a large foreign 
trade or hoarded the gains of privateering. 

A FEW miles from Newburyport, in the town of Amesbury, is the home of 
^ ■*- Whittier's later years, and from there, in 1892, he was buried, the simple 
service attended by a gathering of genius such as few occasions could attract. 

An interesting reminder of Whittier, in Amesbury, is the " Captain's 
Well," the subject of his poem of that name. 

It was constructed by Captain Bagley, in or about 1794. 

" I will dig a well for the passers-by, 
And none shall suffer from thirst, as I." 

A S active revolution had its beginning in the battles of Concord and 
■^ ^ Lexington, battles which filled the roads from far and near with 
hurrying minute-men, pressing eagerly to the aid of their heroic com- 
patriots, we have included illustrations of a few of the many historic 



t^^e^tur^ljort $c Fitinitj? 33 




^Barrett ^ousie, Concorb, tome of Col. Jamefi Barrett 

buildings and commemorative monuments identified with this uprising, 
with which these towns abound. 

All the towns here written of, and many others, share in a degree, with 
Concord and Lexington, the glory of these monuments; for, while only those 
favored by proximity arrived in time to take part in the fighting, all responded 
immediately to the alarm, 

SOME PLACES OF HISTORIC INTEREST IN NEWBURY- 
PORT AND VICINITY WHICH MAY BE REACHED BY 
ELECTRIC CARS. 

Newburyport is situated at the mouth of the Merrimac River, which 
JOINS the Atlantic on the north shore of Massachusetts Bay, thirty- 
seven miles from Bos- 
ton, and is reached by 

TWO divisions OF THE 

Boston and Maine 
Railroad, from the 
Northern Union Sta- 
tion, Causeway Street, 
Boston. 

Parker river, named 
for Rev. Thomas Parker, 
one of the first settlers 
who landed on its north 
shore in 1635. ^^^ Indian 
name, Quascacunquen, 
signified waterfall. It is 
about four miles from the 
railroad station. 

A boulder on the 
river bank, a quarter-mile 




34 ^ft^ Colonial 1$oo1^ of 




i^eli) ftp Carl JiJcrcp burins ttje iBattle of Lexington, puilt, 1695 

below the bridge, marks the landing-place of the first settlers, and a monument 
on the Lower Green near by commemorates this event. 

The picturesque Spencer-Pierce house, also called the " Garrison House," 
built by Daniel Pierce about 1670, on a farm of four hundred acres laid out 
to John Spencer in 1635. 

" Trayneing Green," laid out in 1642. Scene of the encampment of 
Quebec expedition under Benedict Arnold, September, 1775, and location of a 
boulder and bronze tablet commemorating the event. 

The Noyes House on Parker Street, built about the year 1646 by 
Rev. James Noves, associate pastor with Rev. Thomas Parker. Near by is 
the old elm of Newbury, a tree of romantic origin, and the subject of a poem 
by Hannah Flagg Gould. 

The Coffin house. High Street, occupied by 
Tristram Coffin, in 1653, and afterwards the 
residence of Joshua Coffin, the historian of New- 
bury, also remembered as Whittier's " Village 
Schoolmaster." Still occupied by descendants of 
the first owner. 

The Illsley house. High Street, near head 
of Marlborough Street, built in 1670, and at one 
time a tavern. Near by, from 1653 to 1755, was 
the Blue Anchor Tavern, the most important of 
early inns. 

House No. 6^ High Street, owned and occu- 
pied by Caleb Cushing at the time of his death. 

First Presbyterian meeting-house. Federal 
Street, erected in 1756, and rebuilt in 1856. 












•N^^tur^ljort 3$; ¥itimt^ 35 




Wiith ag a ^ogpital after tfje Rattle of Mmktv ^iU. puilt atiout 1760 

Here Rev. George Whitefield, the great evangelist, preached, and was burled 
in a vault under the pulpit. 

Nos. 3 and 5 School Street, the house where William Lloyd Garrison 
was born. 

Nos. 9 and 1 1 School Street, the house where Rev. George Whitefield died. 

Bombshell, on a stone post at the corner of Middle and Independence 
Streets. Brought from Louisburg by Nathaniel Knapp, after the capture of 
that fortress, in 1758. 

Market Square. On the southeasterly side stood the house owned by 
William Morse, whose wife, Goody Morse, was, in 1679, convicted of witchcraft 
and sentenced to death ; but, the people becoming more enlightened, the 
sentence was not executed. This was probably the first case of trial and 
conviction for witchcraft in Massachusetts. 

In the centre of the square was the meeting-house of the First Reli- 
gious Society, the spire of which, being struck by lightning, was studied by 
Benjamin Franklin and became the subject of a communication read before 

the Royal Society of London. 



.^^e^xin^cftcn, ^ott£cLe^ 




% 



£.;'{'>■ ;i^, ,,,,,,,, '■■ t^^C^^^,^'' •■■■'.- 

^J _._...■ LINE. Of ,T H£,M IM>U'TE MEN 

..;v;;v'ooNT f^iKi unless fireo upon.'., ^rj^^ 

;;:i;>iBUT \f TMEV MJE>« t6 HAVE A \VAR 

Le;r,rr'BEGiN here? ' 





Rooms of Newburyport Ma- 
rine Society, State Street, organized 
in 1772; containing curiosities 
gathered by members. Open to 
visitors from 10 to 12 a. m., 
2 to 4 p. M. 

No. 21 Charter Street, for 
many years the residence of Han- 
nah Flagg Gould, author of several 
volumes of prose and poetry. 



36 IS^'bt Colontal ISoolt of 




CraigieHongfcUoto ^ousic. OTaSfjington'sf fjeatiquartersf, 1775=6. 

Public Library building, erected in 1771 by Patrick Tracy, a prominent 
merchant, as a residence for his son, Nathaniel Tracy, also a merchant and 
ship owner who attained wide prominence by reason of the magnitude of his 
operations and the magnificence of his living. Washington occupied apart- 
ments in this house in 1789, and Lafayette was entertained here in 1824. In 
1865 the building was purchased and adapted for the present use, and was 
added to in 1882, by the generosity of Michael Simpson. On the first floor 
are : a free reading-room, maintained for many years through the liberality of 
William C. Todd, Ksq., who, on his death in 1903, endowed this and the news- 
paper reading-room of the Boston Public Library; and the rooms of the His- 
torical Society of Old Newbury, where visitors may inspect objects of historic 
interest. Some of the rooms on this floor retain their original character. 

Dalton House, No. 95 State Street, built in 1750, and occupied by 
Tristram Dalton, the first senator to Congress from Massachusetts. Was 
later occupied by Moses Brown, a wealthy merchant. Now owned and occu- 
pied by the Dalton Club. 

F^rog Pond and Bartlett Mall, now included in Washington Park, were 
first improved in 1800, through the exertions and liberality of Captain 
Edmund Bartlett. Further improved in 1888 from plans by Charles Eliot. 

The Court House stands on this Mall, and nearly opposite is the Put- 
nam Free School building, one of the earliest and most liberal institutions of 
its kind. At the easterly end of the Park is a statue of Washington by 
J. Q; A. Ward, presented to the city by Daniel L Tenney. 

House No, 34 Green Street, built in 1879 ^Y Hon. Theophilus Parsons, 
an eminent jurist, with whom John Ouincy Adams and Robert Treat Paine 
studied law, and occupied by him until 1800. 



Ij^tbJtttt^port $c Fitinitg 37 



Brown Square, given to the city by Moses Brown in 1802. The statue 
of William Lloyd Garrison was presented to the city by William H. Swasey, 
Esq., and is by David M. French of Newburyport. 

Meeting-house of the First Religious Society, Pleasant Street, built in 
1800. A fine example of early architecture, with characteristic interior. 

High Street, St. Paul's Church. The first building was erected here in 
1738, and was taken down in the year 1800, to make room for the present 
edifice. It has many interesting architectural features, one of which is the 
bishop's mitre surmounting the belfry which was put up to signify its change 
to the cathedral of the diocese, and also a bell made by Paul Revere. 

Dexter house, No. 201 High Street, built by Jonathan Jackson in 1772, 
and later purchased and occupied by " Lord" Timothy Dexter, a wealthy and 
eccentric character, by whom it was adorned with many wooden statues, since 
removed. It was purchased in 1874 by Mr. George H. Corliss, the renowned 
engine builder, who occupied it until his death. 

Lowell-Johnson house, No. 203 High Street, built about 1774 by 
John Lowell, son of Rev. John Lowell, who was afterwards judge of the 
United States Circuit Court. He was the father of Francis Cabot Lowell, 
for whom the city of Lowell was named, grandfather of the founder of the 
Lowell Institute of Boston, and also grandfather of James Russell Lowell. 
The house was later occupied by John Tracy, son of Patrick Tracy, and he 
entertained here, in 1782, the Marquis de Castellux, Baron Talleyrand, and 
other officers of the French army. 

House No. 244 High Street, frequently the home of John G. Whittier 
during the last years of his life. 

The Toppan house. No. 10 Toppan Street, built by Jacob Toppan in 
1670, and still in possession of his lineal descendants. 

Pillsbury Place, No. 265 High Street, This was first the farm of 
Edward Rawson, Clerk of the town and member of the House of Deputies. 
Later, he was for thirty-five years secretary of the Colony of Massachusetts 
Bay. In 1651 it was by him sold to Job C. Pillsbury, who in 1700 erected a 
dwelling house, which was destroyed by fire in 1889, and of which the present 
structure, owned and occupied by his descendants, is a copy. 

Atkinson Park, with monument to the soldiers and sailors of the Civil 
War — the Volunteer, — by Theo Alice Ruggles Kitson, and observatory. 

Essex, Merrimac, or " Chain " Bridge. Here in 1792 was erected the first 
bridge across the Merrimac river. It was, in 18 10, superseded by the present 
suspension bridge, which was the second of its kind in the country. 

Deer Island, home of Harriet Prescott Spofford. The house here was, 
in the early part of the century, a noted tavern and toll-house for the bridges 
on either side. 



/^"^' "O, ''"'") r^^' V 




38 ^fte Colonial 1$ooi^ of 

Georgian 



Newbury 



Paul Revere 




Made only in 
Sterling Silver 



Teaspoons 
Reduced 
one-ffth 



THE five patterns shown on this page represent the continuance of the Colonial idea, 
which has become a distinctive feature of the product of the Towle Manufacturing 
Company, both in Table Fiat Ware and Hollow Ware. The Colonial pattern embodies 
the purity and dignity of the style of architecture and furniture whose name it bears. The 
popularity of this style is deep-rooted and growing, and it is now accepted as the most 
characteristic and appropriate realization of American taste. A unique feature of this 
design is the faceted eftect of the spoon bowls, which thus harmoni/e \vith the angular 
shapes of the Colonial style, but yet are so slightly indented that this form is no detriment 
to use, being, in fact, hardly perceptible when so tested. This style of bowl has been fully 
protected by letters patent, and can be had only in the Colonial pattern which is made 
in sterling silver (^Vo'Ij fine); it may be purchased of first-class Jewelers throughout the 
United States and Canada. Buyers of silverware should carefully examine the trade- 
mark, which is a guarantee of quality. 



Tj^e^jtur^port $c Fitinitg 39 





COLONIAL KNIFE, FORK, AND SPOON CASES 

Height^ 26 inches 

Of inlaid mahogany, accurate reproductions (by permission) of rare 
examples in Pendleton House, the Colonial museum of the Rhode Island 
School of Design, Providence, Rhode Island. 

The unmistakable Colonial character of these makes them extremely 
effective in dining-room decoration and particularly appropriate tor containing 
the Colonial Pattern. 

TOWLE MFG. COMPANY 

Silversmiths 



NEWBURYPORT fa' 



MASSACHUSETTS 



Chicago, Illinois, 42 Madison Street ; Heyworth Building 
New York City, 1 7 Maiden Lane ; Silversmiths Building 

The TOWLE MFG. COMPANY does no retail business anyw^here 



40 Cf)e ifDoIontal ISook of 



Tea Spoon, P. M. 



Tea Spoon, small 
No. n 



Tea Spoon, small 
reverse 



Coffee Spoon 




STERLING SILVER 
Tliil^lNE 



Tj^i'ljjtttr^port k Fitinitg 41 



Table Spoon 
Nos. 36, 41 and 45 



Pap Spoon 




Table Fork 
Nos. 35, 39 and 43 







Dessert Fork 
reverse 




V T 7 



42 IS^vt Colonial Hooh of 



Chocolate Spoon 



Jelly Spoon 



Preserve Spoon 




:^ebjibttr^|)ort $c ¥itinit^ 43 



Pudding Spoon 



Sugar Spoon 



Berry Spoon 




w 



44 OT^ Colonial l^oolt of 









{ 




]j<r^bjimrsi)ort $c Fittnttg 45 




STERLING SILVER 
-^^^ FINE 

1000 riiii- I 



46 ^ftt Colonial l^ool^ of 



Olive Fork, small 



Butter Pick 



Oyster Fork 




TT H 



:^eb)iittr^l>ort $c Fitintt^ 47 



Ice Cream Fork 



Egg Spoon 




48 ^!)^ Colonial l^ook of 



Chow Chow Spoon 



Horse Radish Spoon 



Pickle Fork 




STERLING SILVER 



:^^bjibttr^|)ort $c "Fitinit^ 49 



Olive Spoon 



Piccalilli Spoon 



Olive Fork 



Chocolate Muddler 




50 1E^f)t Colonial i^ooi^ of 



Salad Fork 



Sardine Fork 



Salad Spoon 





'N^^ibttr|>port 



51 



Trout Fork 



lelly Knife 



.'■■* 

''^-) 




STERLING SILVER 
-^^^ FINE 

1000 ' "'•- 



52 Wf)e Colonial ISook of 



Child's Fork 



Child's Knife 



Child's Spoon 




Sugar Tongs 



s Sardine Tongs (^0^ Tete-a-Tete Tone 



Tete-a-Tete Tongs 




54 ^f)e Colonial lUooi^ of 





sterling silver 
tUVfine 



1 1 lytftfra'wl jj^ 



J 




t^^bjiburgport $5; Titinit^ 55 




Platter Spoon 



mmiiinimum 

BBBBSB 




Fish Forl< 








Salad Spoon, large 



Vegetable Spoon 




^f)f^ Colonial l^ooi^ 



Asparagus Fork 



r 



Bonbon Scoop 








STERLING SILVER 
-^i^ FINE 

lOOO 



^^ 



^fte Colonial l^oofe of 



Lemon Server 



Olive Spoon, small 





V 



Marrow Scoop 



:^ebji(mr^port ^j: Ftcinit|) 59 



Cheese Server. 



Serving Spoon 



Pie Knife 



H 1 




60 ^t)t eolontal l^oofe of 



Giape Shears 



Oyster Server 




:u^el»ibur^port $c Firinitg 6i 



Cracker Scoop 



Almond Scoop 



Waffle Server 




62 Zf)t Colonial lloofe of 



m^. 



ft 

L 




ACTUAL SIZE 



STERLING SILVER 




-^ 



Zj^^ 



Tj^e^imt^port $c Fitinttg 63 




rtl1iiii«ii»««»«»««i»«m«niiim| jm| 



Crumb Knife 







Dressing Spoon 




r\. 



/' >-:^ 



[o 



"^Mfi^ 



'C'--^.^ 



Ice Cream Slicer, H. H. 




Wm. 




Pie Server, H. H. Plated Steel Blade 




64 ^1)^ Colonial l^oolt of 



Pea Server 



Checbe Scoop, small 



Lettuce Spoon 




N 



# 



:^^b)<Jttr|)pott $c Fttinitg 05 



Vegetable Fork 



Cheese Scoop 



Lettuce Fork 





f 



66 1S^f)t Colonial l$ook of 

Individual Fisii Knife 



Tea Knife, flat 



Butter Knife, flat 




yit\i>i)nvspon $c mtinitp 57 



Clieese Knife 



Butter Knife 



Butter Knife Pick 




Butter Spreader, H. H. 



Dessert Knife 



Medium Knife 



icr t.r 



TRAOC ^J]B\ MASK 

sterling silver 
tIw^ne 



^^ 



'N^bjiiur^port $c Fictntt|) 69 



Orange Knife, H. H 



Steak Knife 



Steak Steel 



Steak Fork 



Cheese Scoop, H. H. 





ll 





70 wvt Colonial l^oolt of 










, > ^^;1^^*■u»■*^*^^»>^^^4«»^yy^>A«^»^^ v ^ 



D,^.>o<^ U^\Aor on^.>ir 



:^<rt^ibttr^|)ort Sc Ftttnttg 71 




k^imP'm-ii ' M > t>^i-'*f^^m»'t -'^t!::lf<' JU ";:,',;J^ ,.,.| I J M. aj. .,.»^ , y^ 



ta-^^t.^ri'. I. rg' -yiii.^ 








ACTUAL SIZE 
STERLING SILVER 



■^^ 




72 ^t)e Colonial iSooft of 




"^ Bt 



Tea iet 7650 Waiter C236 

COLONIAL HOLLOW WARE 

rhc articles shown on this and the following page exhibit the characteristic 
Colonial elements embodied in the preceding flat ware, and make possible 
complete and harmonious table furnishing in this style. 



Fish Dish 4005 Water Pitcher 675; Cm-ered Butter Dish 4t2<) Bread and Butter Plate 5412 



.,.«'■ 

■r^^- 




Soup Tureen 7380 Tureen Tray 7380 Dinner Plate 3920 Covered Vegetable Dish 4646 



Sterling Silver |3 ^) ^jj «25/jq,,„ Fine 



tN'e^ibttrpiJOtrt $c Fitinttg 73 




Coffee Pot 5531 Urn 7795 Coffee Pot 5530 

Cream Pitcher 5530 Waste s=;30 Sugar Bowl 5530 




Atter-Dinner Coftee Set and Waiter 5515 
Sterling Silver [Qj ^\ ^g] ^'-^^y'looo Fine 



74 ^t)^ Colonial ISoolt 




COLONIAL CHEST, No. 356, WITH TABLE 

Made in Oak or Mahogany 






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